時(shí)間：2023-05-30 09:03:04
開篇：寫作不僅是一種記錄，更是一種創(chuàng)造，它讓我們能夠捕捉那些稍縱即逝的靈感，將它們永久地定格在紙上。下面是小編精心整理的12篇四級作文，希望這些內(nèi)容能成為您創(chuàng)作過程中的良師益友，陪伴您不斷探索和進(jìn)步。
二十六號(hào)九點(diǎn)是查英語四級的時(shí)間，早上迷迷糊糊的起來，第一件事情就是看時(shí)間，已經(jīng)九點(diǎn)多了，起床拿起手機(jī)登陸網(wǎng)站查詢自己的四級成績，好不容易登陸上去，顯示"查詢?nèi)藬?shù)過多，請稍后再試。" 看到這行字，并不甘心，換了一個(gè)坐姿又查了一遍。
盡可能的睜大眼睛，總分460，噢耶，過了！425過四級，想起來復(fù)習(xí)的日子，厚厚的一本四級單詞，還有十套題，其實(shí)我沒背多少單詞，題也只是考前做了幾套。但是每天都看一部英文電影，鍛煉聽力，做題的時(shí)候，每個(gè)類型題都認(rèn)真的分析，琢磨。作文也看過很多，這是我第二次考英語四級了，分析第一次的成績，有聽力，閱讀，作文和翻譯，這三部分我的得分都不高，一百二十多分，總分是358，這次我苦練聽力，做閱讀的時(shí)候也很認(rèn)真，單詞雖然沒背完一本，但是也背了百頁。
這次成績比上次提高了一百多分，我也很高興，也為自己感到自豪，我的作文和翻譯部分不好，這次也不例外，聽力和閱讀都是一百七。
剛剛結(jié)束考試的時(shí)候感覺答的還不錯(cuò)，但是一想到單詞沒背完，心里也是沒有底。回宿舍以后，室友都在討論題目，每人的題目不同。室友也都考了，可惜的是算我總共兩個(gè)人過了。問了問我以前的同學(xué)，也沒有過，不過她們都是第一次考，還有機(jī)會(huì)。
在微博里也搜了一下四級，看到很多人發(fā)的都是四級，當(dāng)然還有六級，如果時(shí)間充足，我也把六級過了，以后成為英語老師也是可以的，哈哈，加油。
on the road (to) 在去…的旅途中;在…過程中
as a rule 通常，一般說來
in the long run 終究，從長遠(yuǎn)看
for the sake of 為了…起見，看在…的份上
on sale 出售;廉價(jià)出售
on a…scale…規(guī)模地，在…規(guī)模上
in secret 秘密地，暗地里
in a sense 從某種意義上說
in (good) shape 處于(良好)狀態(tài)
on the side 作為兼職或副業(yè);暗地里
at first sight 乍一看，初看起來
out of sight 看不見，在視野之外
in spite of 不管，不顧
on the spot 在場，到場;立即，馬上，當(dāng)場
in step 同步，合拍，協(xié)調(diào)
out of step 不合拍，不協(xié)調(diào)
in stock 有現(xiàn)貨的，有庫存的
in sum 總而言之
in tears 流著淚，含著淚，在哭著
in terms of 從…方面來說，按照;用…的話
for one thing 首先，一則
at a time 每次，一次
at no time 從不，決不
at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度
at the same time 同時(shí);不過，然而
at times 有時(shí)，間或
for the time being 眼下，暫時(shí)
from time to time有時(shí)，不時(shí)
in no time 立即，馬上
in time 及時(shí)
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
on top of 除…之外
out of touch(with) 不聯(lián)系，不接觸
in truth 事實(shí)上，的確
by turns 輪流地，交替地
in turn 依次地，輪流地;轉(zhuǎn)而，反過來
in vain 徒然，白費(fèi)力
a variety of 種種，多種多樣的
by virtue of 由于，借于
by the way 順便地，附帶地說
by way of 經(jīng)由，經(jīng)過;通過…方式
Recently,haze weather has become a daily one right here in large part of China.People are forced to wear the mask to avoid breathing poisonous air.So it is necessary to find out the reason why leads to that and work out the resolution.If we trace the cause for haze weather ,the main points are as follows ,first,china 's air quality standards are rather lax and evaluation factors are limited,so you will see that current air appraisal system has defects.Second,some people just go for economic interests instead of turning out products according to relevant law and regulations.They tend to use obsolete equipment in which they are high likely to emit a great deal of wasted air.
Third,across our society ,relevant protection awareness has not built up so that people havent formed a habit of using green product and saving energy as much as possible.Just for the sake of convience to go out,people rely more and more on travelling and working by car while car is the main cause for the haze weather
To settle this problem,a series of meaures should be taken as follows.First ,we should strengthen air monitor to lower the levels of small particulate pollutants.Second,we should enact more strict laws and regulations and keep perfecting our current law on environmental protection to regulate people 's daily action and the industrial production and punish those factories that ignore the protection and keep emitting dangerous material that cause haze.
Third,we should develop green and energy-saving energy to lower the emission of haze and improve air quality.As far as i am concerned ,if we work together to be able to do such measures ,our environment will getting better and better and haze weather will vanish completely.
最近,陰霾天氣已經(jīng)成了每日的一個(gè)大中國的一部分。人們被迫戴著面具,避免呼吸有毒空氣。因此有必要找出的原因?qū)е?該決議。如果我們跟蹤霾天氣的原因,要點(diǎn)如下,首先,中國的空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而松懈和評價(jià)因素是有限的,所以你會(huì)看到當(dāng)前空氣評估體系有缺陷。第二,有些人只是追求經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的產(chǎn)品按照法律和有關(guān)規(guī)定。他們傾向于使用過時(shí)的設(shè)備在高有可能釋放大量的浪費(fèi)空氣。
第三,在我們的社會(huì),相關(guān)保護(hù)意識(shí)還沒有建立,這樣人們沒形成習(xí)慣使用綠色產(chǎn)品,盡可能的節(jié)約能源。只是為了便利出門了,人們越來越依賴于汽車,而汽車旅行和工作的陰霾天氣的主要原因
為了解決這個(gè)問題,應(yīng)采取一系列meaures如下。首先,我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)空氣監(jiān)測微小顆粒污染物的水平較低。第二,我們應(yīng)該制定更多嚴(yán)格的法律法規(guī),不斷完善現(xiàn)有的環(huán)境保護(hù)法律規(guī)范人們的日常行為和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和懲罰那些忽視保護(hù)和工廠繼續(xù)排放危險(xiǎn)材料,導(dǎo)致陰霾。
第三,我們應(yīng)該發(fā)展綠色和節(jié)能能源降低煙霧的排放,提高空氣質(zhì)量。就我而言,如果我們一起工作能夠做這樣的措施,我們的環(huán)境會(huì)越來越好,陰霾的天氣會(huì)完全消失。
此類作文，考生需在論述中把握某一社會(huì)問題就其原因進(jìn)行分析，并提出相應(yīng)的解決辦法和措施。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:
首先，引出要解決的問題及其嚴(yán)重性或必要性，并簡要分析其產(chǎn)生的原因；
然后提出解決問題的辦法或措施；
最后表明自己的態(tài)度，提出建議并展望前景。
歷年真題回顧:
? 1) 2000年1月四級作文題
? How I Finance My College Education
1. 上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用（tuition and fees）可以通過多種途徑解決.
2. 哪種途徑適合于我（說明理由）.
? 2001年1月四級作文題
? How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
? 1. 面試在求職過程中的作用
2. 取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是......
? 2004年1月六級作文題
? Reduce Waste on Campus
? 1.有些大學(xué)校園浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重
2.浪費(fèi)的危害
3.杜絕浪費(fèi), 從我做起
? 2005. 6月六級考試作文題目
? Say No to Pirated Products
? 1. 目前盜版的現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重
2. 造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因及危害
3. 我們應(yīng)該怎么做
? 結(jié)構(gòu)模板:
?Nowadays it is generally accepted that （總述問題.表現(xiàn)一.表現(xiàn)二.）
?There are many reasons accounting for …Special attention should be paid to the fact that … is bringing great damage.On one hand/For one thing, …（原因一/危害一）
? On the other hand/For another …（原因二/危害二 ）Therefore, it is high time that …（解決該問題.）
?Many a way can be adopted to …（解決該問題.）/ Many a factor plays an important role in …（解決該問題） Firstly/ First of all , …（方法一／因素一） Secondly/ In addition, …（方法二／因素二）Thirdly/ Besides/ Moreover, …（方法三／因素三）Only through these ways/ only in this way …（該問題才能夠解
決）
例文: Say No to Pirated Products
1. 目前盜版的現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重
2. 造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因及危害
3. 我們應(yīng)該怎么做
Nowadays it is generally accepted that piracy is becoming more and more of a problem in China. Many products, such as tape, CD and hi-tech devices can be copied. Shortly after a newly-developed product is put on the market, people will unsurprisingly find its pirated counterparts in the stores.
Special attention should be paid to the fact that piracy is bringing great damage. On one hand, pirated products often cost far less than the original ones, so they enjoy unbeatable advantage in price in spite of their relatively poor quality, and the original ones, on the contrary, sell poorly. On the other hand, in the long run, pirated products may also have negative impacts on customers since those producers’ enthusiasm may be greatly hurt as a result of money loss. Therefore, it is high time that we solved the problem as soon as possible.
Many a way can be adopted to reduce the piracy phenomenon. First of all, it is the duty of the government to call on everyone to fight the battle against piracy. In addition, as customers, we
should develop our consciousness to resist pirated products. Moreover, strict laws and decrees are of great importance. Only in this way can this problem be solved radically.
文章開頭列舉現(xiàn)象常用句型
? Nowadays/Currently/Presently there is a growing tendency / a sudden increase …
? Recently the fact/ phenomenon that… has aroused wide concern / has been brought into focus.
? At the age of commercialization, people may easily find/observe/ that … does have a positive/negative impact on our daily life.
列舉常用句型
? 1.Firstly…Secondly…Thirdly…
? 2.In the first place, in the second, in the third, (and) best of/worst of all
? 3.First of all, second, third, in short/in sum.
? 4.On one hand…on the other hand
? 5.For one thing…for another…above all things
2. I think it’s time we put a stop to something. 我認(rèn)為是我們停止某事的時(shí)候了。(it’s time (that) 后的從句要用虛擬，既(should)+動(dòng)詞原形)
3. I find the statement of … to be too narrow. 我覺得…的觀點(diǎn)過于狹隘。
4. I can tell you from experience that … 憑我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以告訴你…
5. Personally, I am standing on the side of … 就個(gè)人而言，我站在…的一邊。
6. Although doing something might seem a wild idea, I believe that … 雖然做某事似乎狂妄，但我相信…
7. At an individual level, I feel that … 從我個(gè)人的角度出發(fā)，我覺得…
8. I sincerely believe that … 我真誠地相信…
9. But for me, I would rather think of the matter in an (optimistic) way. 至于我，我寧愿以樂觀的態(tài)度來看待這一問題。
10. But I do not think that this view can hold water. 但我并不認(rèn)為這一觀點(diǎn)能站得住腳。
11. It is not half so important to do something as it is to do something. 和做某事相比，做某事的重要性連一半都不及。
12. There are some people who hold that …. And on the other hand, there are some other people whoargue that…. Both opinions are very popular…. But I cannot accept either view. 有一些人認(rèn)為…，然而還有另外一些人認(rèn)為…。上述兩種觀點(diǎn)都很流行，但我兩種觀點(diǎn)都不能接受。
13. Although many people (believe) that …, I doubt whether the (argument) bears further (analysis). 雖然有許多人相信…，但我懷疑這個(gè)論點(diǎn)能否經(jīng)得起進(jìn)一步的推敲。
14. In my opinion, it is more advisable to do something than to do something. 在我看來，做…比做…更明智。
15. In the nationwide discussion, many people suggest that …. But I argue that … 在全國范圍內(nèi)的討論中，許多人提出…。但我卻認(rèn)為… (該句suggest引導(dǎo)的從句應(yīng)用虛擬。)
16. As opposed to widely held belief, I believe that … 與普遍接受的看法不同，我認(rèn)為…
17. From a personal perspective, I also prefer to … 從個(gè)人的角度來看，我也喜歡…
18. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why I would choose to …最后，坦白地講，我選擇…還有一個(gè)更為現(xiàn)實(shí)的原因。( 勵(lì)志天下 cnfla.net )
19. Some people think that …. To be frank, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 一些人認(rèn)為…，坦白地講，我不贊同他們的觀點(diǎn)，理由如下：
20. The situation is not rare. It is one of many examples I have encountered. 這種情景并不少見，它也是我遇到的許多情況之一。
21. 37) There is another reason why I cast my preference for … 我傾向于…還有另外一個(gè)原因。
22. As for me, I am on the latter part of the argument. The reasons are as follows. 至于我，我支持爭論的后半部分。原因如下：
23. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看來，支持第一種觀點(diǎn)比支持第二種觀點(diǎn)更有道理。
24. The following reasons can account for my inclination. 如下的原因可解釋我的傾向。
25. To make myself as plain as I can, I should give my standards for … 為使我的觀點(diǎn)更加清楚，我給出我關(guān)于…的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
26. I disbelieve, and therefore strongly resent, the claim that … 我不相信，因此強(qiáng)烈反對，這一主張，即…
27. My final and perhaps my best reason for not doing something is … 我不做某事最終的，或許最好的理由是…
28. For the same reason, it matters to me that … 同樣原因，我很在乎…
1、be closely related to 與...息息相關(guān)；Taking exercise is closely related to health 運(yùn)動(dòng)與健康息息相關(guān)。
2、It pays to 是值得的；It pays to help others 幫助別人是值得的。
3、be based on 以...為基礎(chǔ)；The progress of thee society is based on harmony 社會(huì)進(jìn)步是以和諧為基礎(chǔ)的。
3、Adj + as + Subject（主詞）+ be， S + V~~~ （雖然……）
例句：Rich as our country is,the qualities of our living are by nomeans satisfactory.
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一點(diǎn)也不}
雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對令人不滿意。
4、By +Ving， ~~ can ~~ （借著……，……能夠……）
例句：By taking exercise， we can always stay healthy.
借著做運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們能夠始終保持健康。
（來源：文章屋網(wǎng) ）
Our lives are guided by natural rhythms that are particular to each of us and cannot be altered by force of will alone. Life itself is a journey made up of processes and events that manifest before us only to be swept away when time marches on. Whether we envision ourselves creating a career, building a family, or developing the self, we instinctively know when the time has come for us to realize our dreams because all that is involved comes together harmoniously. When the time is right, the passage of destiny cannot be blocked. Yet as desperate as we are to touch these beautiful futures we have imagined, we cannot grow if we are not fully present in the evolutionary experience. The present can be challenging, uncomfortable, and tedious, but life unfolds as it will, and the universe will wait patiently as we make our way into the unknown.
The fate that awaits us is not dependent on our pace, which was preordained before we ever appeared in human guise. Therefore there is no reason to rush through life to reach those pinnacles of development associated with the paths we have chosen. Enjoying and fully experiencing the journey of life is as important as achieving goals and reaching milestones. There are lessons we can learn during those moments that seem immaterial or insignificant that we cannot learn at any other time. Appreciating these takes patience, however, because human beings tend to focus on the fulfillment of expectations rather than the simple joys of being.
Like many people, you have no doubt longed for a device that would give you the power to fast forward through certain periods of your existence. Yet haste is by its very nature vastly more stressful than serene fortitude. When you feel yourself growing impatient because the pace of your development is deceptively slow, remember that everything that will occur in your life will occur in its own time. Quelling your urge to rush will enable you to witness yourself learning, changing, and becoming stronger. There is so much to see and do in between the events and processes that we deem definitive. If you are patient enough to take pleasure in your existence's unfolding, the journey from one pinnacle to the next will seem to take no time at all.
There is no doubt that we should never go out there to see what happens; instead, we should take actions to make things happen. A telling example is Youyou Tu. She and her colleagues made 380 extracts from 2,00 herbs before they finally succeeded in discovering the pure substance qinghaosu, which can be used to treat malaria. As we all know, there were numerous scientists who wanted to find this substance, but it was her firm actions that made her the first Chinese Nobel laureate in medicine.
Why?Reasons are quite simple and can be listed as follows. To begin with, only by taking actions can we find the best way to solve those problems we are facing, but as a bystander, we can learn nothing meaningful. In addition, in an age full of ruthless and relentless competitions, without taking actions to make things happen, we are bound to lose those valuable opportunities. For instance, if Apple had just gone out there to see what happens in mobile phones, it could not have presented the amazing product, iPhone, to us.
Accordingly, we college students should not just be a watcher but a doer. In my humble opinion, we can start from applying what we have learned into practice.
毫無疑問,我們永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該走出去看看發(fā)生了什么;相反,我們應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)讓事情發(fā)生。一個(gè)生動(dòng)的例子就是由你。她和她的同事做了380提取物2 00草藥才終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了純物質(zhì)青蒿素,可用于治療瘧疾。我們都知道,有很多的科學(xué)家們想找到這種物質(zhì),但這是她公司的行為,讓她第一個(gè)中國醫(yī)學(xué)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主。
為什么?原因很簡單,可以列出如下。首先,只有采取行動(dòng)才能找到最好的方法解決我們面臨這些問題,但作為一個(gè)旁觀者,我們可以學(xué)到什么有意義的事情。此外,在一個(gè)充滿殘酷和無情的競爭時(shí)代,沒有采取行動(dòng)讓事情發(fā)生,我們注定要失去這寶貴的機(jī)會(huì)。例如,如果蘋果剛剛在手機(jī)看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么,它不可能呈現(xiàn)驚人的產(chǎn)品,iPhone,給我們。
因此,我們大學(xué)生不應(yīng)該只是一個(gè)觀察者,但一個(gè)實(shí)干家。依我拙見,我們可以從應(yīng)用所學(xué)付諸實(shí)踐。
1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the chart below, which shows the variation in carbon emission from three different fossil fuels from 2000 to 2020. You should first summarize the changing trend of the consumption of the three different fossil fuels and then give some reasons about it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
unit (million tons)
【范文】From the chart above we see that the carbon emission from coal decreases sharply, from 40 million tons in 2000 to less than 3 million tons in 2020. In 2010, the carbon emission from oil hit 40 million tons but will reduce to 20 million tons in 2020. Besides, the carbon emission from natural gas increases, from 5 million tons in 2000 to 18 million tons in 2020.Many reasons account for the variation in carbon emission. Firstly, people might cut the amount of coal they use and increase the use of natural gas since natural gas is a “cleaner” fuel than coal or oil. Secondly, because of the undertaking of energy-saving project, efforts have been made to raise the efficiency of energy utilization. What’s more, since the earth is getting warmer, large attention has been paid to the importance of environmental protection.
2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic How to Spend Money Wisely with Credit Card based on the picture below. You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【范文】Credit card offers a convenient way to buy goods but every coin has two sides. From the cartoon above we see that credit card can lead to unmanageable debt and financial crisis if used unwisely. So people should keep in mind the risk of using credit card and try to spend money wisely.First, before applying a credit card, people should make sure whether they can afford to pay back money spent on the card. Second, it is very important to work out what kind of card meets their needs. Third, people should try to pay their balance in full every month, or they will be charged interest and have negative effects on their credit scores. Finally, since some cards have high interest rates and fees when failing to pay back, it is necessary to work out the cost before using the cards.
3.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Getting to Know the World Outside Campus. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words following the outline given below:
1.大學(xué)生了解社會(huì)的必要性;
2.了解社會(huì)的途徑(大眾媒介，社會(huì)服務(wù)等);
3.你打算怎么做?
【范文】In an age of overflowing information, college students need to rapidly process what's coming at them and know how to manage and act on it. They should keep in touch with the world outside campus and adjust themselves to the real society in shortest time.College students can get to know the world outside campus through a variety of ways. They can keep themselves informed by watching TV, listening to radio broadcasts, reading newspapers etc. Even they can take up a part-time job in spare time.Truthfully, everyone needs to enter into society when they reach a certain age. As for me, I plan to find a part-time job in a training center because I decide to be an English teacher after graduation. I know only in practice can I learn more useful teaching skills.
2012年12月四級寫作考試回顧
從命題的角度來看，2012年12月四級寫作最大的新意其實(shí)不是“多題多卷”，而是圖表作文題的出現(xiàn)，而且采用的是全英文命題形式（這樣的命題形式符合命題人“既考寫作又考理解”的考查初衷）。這表明四級寫作的命題在穩(wěn)中求變，估計(jì)以后會(huì)朝“多題”的方向發(fā)展，題目類型也會(huì)多樣化，因此考生要全面?zhèn)淇迹欢ㄒ私庹撜f文、應(yīng)用文、圖表作文與圖畫作文等各種類型作文的寫作方法。而面對全英文命題形式，考生需要做到的是認(rèn)真審題，避免因理解偏差導(dǎo)致作文跑題。
從考生做題的角度來看，新的命題形式對考生寫作提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。據(jù)筆者對2012年12月四級寫作答卷的觀察，寫作題目“Education Pays”的跑題率很高，多半考生的作文都不切題意。之所以出現(xiàn)這一情況，部分原因在于考生準(zhǔn)備不充分，尤其對于寫圖表作文的備考不足，甚至毫無準(zhǔn)備，因而在寫作時(shí)存在一定的心理障礙；但更主要的原因應(yīng)該是考生臨場審題不周，導(dǎo)致理解出現(xiàn)偏差。那么面對四級寫作考試的新趨勢，考生要怎樣做才能避免跑題、從容應(yīng)對呢？
要改善寫作中跑題的情況，考生需要過好審題關(guān)。具體來說，考生應(yīng)從體裁、話題、內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、字?jǐn)?shù)要求這四方面進(jìn)行審題。下面以2012年12月四級寫作題目之一“Education Pays”為例來具體分析。寫作真題如下。
For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below （Weekly earnings in 2010）. Please give a brief description of the chart and then make comments on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
審題時(shí)，考生要從上文提到的四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行一一考量。從寫作體裁來看，考生要寫的應(yīng)該是論說文。而筆者閱卷時(shí)就發(fā)現(xiàn)有一位考生將作文寫成一封信，這絕對是要被扣分的。從話題來看，考生要寫的話題是“Education Pays”。很多考生望文生義，將寫作話題簡單理解為“教育付出”，考生如果仔細(xì)閱讀圖表上的標(biāo)題“Education： A Worthy Investment”就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，題目給出的話題應(yīng)該是“教育的投資與回報(bào)”。從內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)來看，考生首先應(yīng)該對圖表內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡要描述（give a brief description of the chart），然后對圖表內(nèi)容進(jìn)行評論（make comments on it）。最后，考生要明確寫作字?jǐn)?shù)，題目要求是120～180個(gè)單詞，筆者建議考生將字?jǐn)?shù)限定在140～160個(gè)單詞，因?yàn)?20個(gè)單詞的作文內(nèi)容可能不夠詳實(shí)，但字?jǐn)?shù)太多了又會(huì)增加考生犯錯(cuò)的幾率。
快速提分方略
即將參加2013年6月四級考試的考生應(yīng)該采取什么快速提分方略呢？很多考生在考試前熱衷于背誦寫作模板，認(rèn)為這樣能幫助自己快速提高寫作分?jǐn)?shù)。但在筆者看來，單純背誦寫作模板并不是最有效的方法：一方面，考生死背寫作模板的話很容易出現(xiàn)“所背非所考”的情況，最后等于白費(fèi)力氣；另一方面，筆者在四、六級考試閱卷時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，考生使用的模板句式高度重復(fù)，比如“With the development of our society， more and more …”“There has been a heated discussion revolving around this issue of whether people should do …”“Only by doing so， can we …”“As far as I am concerned， …”等句式在答卷中比比皆是，而這樣使用高度重復(fù)的模板句式最終肯定會(huì)影響得分。
如果考生想快速提升寫作分?jǐn)?shù)，筆者建議考生從備考“功能段落”入手。從歷年四級寫作的寫作要求（無論是全英文形式還是漢語提綱形式）來看，四級寫作題目要求考生撰寫的段落按功能大致可以歸納為以下六種：描述現(xiàn)象、圖畫或圖表（現(xiàn)象段），分析危害（危害段），分析原因（原因段），給出建議（建議段），陳述觀點(diǎn)（觀點(diǎn)段，說明支持或反對）、分析意義（意義段）。因此，如果考生學(xué)會(huì)撰寫這六種功能段落，那么無論寫作考試如何變化，考生只要按照寫作要求去寫相應(yīng)功能的內(nèi)容或段落即可。從近年真題來看，現(xiàn)象段、原因段和建議段這三種功能段落被考查到的頻率較高，考生可重點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備。在考試時(shí)，筆者建議考生將作文寫成三段，其中中間段落為主體，在字?jǐn)?shù)上應(yīng)多于首段和尾段。以2012年12月四級寫作題目“Education Pays”為例，考生可將首段寫成描述圖表的現(xiàn)象段，將第二段寫成解釋收入差異的原因段，將尾段寫成建議段或觀點(diǎn)段。
那考生該如何學(xué)習(xí)寫功能段落呢？首先，考生可以通過分析真題范文總結(jié)出各類功能段落的寫作思路；其次，考生需要花大力氣積累各類功能段落的常用句子表達(dá)（簡稱“功能表達(dá)”）。考生在選擇功能表達(dá)時(shí)應(yīng)掌握三個(gè)原則：①實(shí)用性，即積累的表達(dá)可用于寫相應(yīng)的功能段落；②靈活性，即所選擇的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是考生能夠靈活掌握并能根據(jù)題目靈活應(yīng)用的；③簡潔性，即所選擇的表達(dá)應(yīng)該語言精練，可以有模板的痕跡，但考生應(yīng)該能往里面填入實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容，而不是像通篇廢話似的表達(dá)。下面筆者列舉幾個(gè)常用的功能表達(dá)，供考生體會(huì)。
1.In contemporary society， it has become a trend for _____ to _____.
2.It is advisable for _____ to _____.
3.It is suggested that ______ should strengthen their awareness of ______.
4.Someone should educate， advocate and encourage _____ （not） to _____.
解析：這里的第1個(gè)句子為現(xiàn)象段的功能表達(dá)，第2～4個(gè)句子為建議段的功能表達(dá)。考生在考試時(shí)，根據(jù)寫作主題和寫作要求對上述功能表達(dá)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯替換和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，就可以寫出相應(yīng)的句子。例如，針對這次2012年12月的四級寫作題目“Education Pays”，考生可以利用第1個(gè)句子來進(jìn)行現(xiàn)象描述，寫成：“In 2010， it had become a trend for people with higher degrees to earn more money in a week in America.”也可以利用第2個(gè)句子來進(jìn)行作文最后一段的寫作，如：“It is advisable for youngsters in the US to pursue higher degrees and extensive knowledge.”
按照上文所講的三個(gè)原則，考生在日常學(xué)習(xí)中可以通過多重途徑積累功能表達(dá)，比如在閱讀中讀到闡述觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)可以積累，在范文中學(xué)到表述現(xiàn)象的表達(dá)可以積累。退一步說，考生即使背誦模板，也不要死背，而要明確所背句子所表達(dá)的功能是什么，這樣考試時(shí)才能靈活應(yīng)用。
備考步驟
以下是筆者總結(jié)的寫作備考步驟，供考生參考。
第一，先通過“背寫”（即背誦和默寫）的方式積累功能表達(dá)和詞匯。筆者建議英語基礎(chǔ)較差的考生在備考時(shí)先別急著練習(xí)寫作，而是“背寫”一些功能段落和功能表達(dá)，道理很簡單：考生如果沒有正確的input，就不會(huì)有有效的output。在能熟練背誦和掌握自己積累的功能段落和功能表達(dá)之后，考生再試著利用自己掌握的表達(dá)進(jìn)行模擬寫作，寫一些相似話題的作文。筆者所提到的默寫主要是為了幫助基礎(chǔ)較差的考生練習(xí)拼寫，避免提筆忘詞。此外，考生應(yīng)該積累一些常用的亮點(diǎn)詞匯，用亮點(diǎn)詞匯替換常用詞匯。下面筆者就列舉一些亮點(diǎn)詞匯，供考生參考。
1.用exceedingly/extremely/rather替換very；
2.用an army of/a great many/a host of替換a lot of；
3.用advancement替換development；
4.用positive/favorable/promising/perfect/pleasurable/excellent/outstanding/superior替換good；
5.用give rise to/lead to/result in/trigger替換cause；
6.用harbor the idea that/take the attitude that/hold the view that替換think that；
7.用beneficial/rewarding替換helpful；
8.用bear in mind that替換remember that；
9.用enjoy/possess替換have；
10.用shopper/consumer/purchaser替換customer。
第二，善于進(jìn)行階段總結(jié)。考生備考時(shí)，每經(jīng)過一個(gè)階段（如兩周）都要問自己幾個(gè)問題：自己所背誦的功能表達(dá)可以用來寫什么類型的文章？該類文章的相關(guān)詞匯或表達(dá)有哪些？由題目關(guān)鍵詞可以聯(lián)想到哪些相關(guān)表達(dá)？考生要謹(jǐn)記，沒有復(fù)習(xí)與鞏固，就沒有提高。
尊敬的老師：
此次的考試錯(cuò)誤，是我的個(gè)人的嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。我知道承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤對于任何人來說都是一項(xiàng)痛心的事情，但我一定要去承認(rèn)。既然犯錯(cuò)了，作為一名男子漢我要勇敢地去面對去承擔(dān)。還有因?yàn)榇舜五e(cuò)過英語四級考試，我最對不起的就是從事四級考試報(bào)名工作的各位老師。各位來說本來在四級考試的規(guī)定報(bào)名時(shí)間就已經(jīng)非常辛苦了，但卻因?yàn)槲覀€(gè)人的失誤和這樣嚴(yán)重的疏忽，還要為我的四級考試補(bǔ)考報(bào)名勞心勞力。為此我真的感覺很對不起老師們，心中充滿了悔恨和歉意。
但迫切于要補(bǔ)考這次英語四級考試，是因?yàn)槲覀€(gè)人在之前的英語學(xué)習(xí)中非常的認(rèn)真刻苦，四級考試對我有極其重要的意義，它不單關(guān)乎我的畢業(yè)問題，而且是對我英語水平的一個(gè)人可，我本該在前一次考試中就通過，但是我的前一次考試結(jié)果423分，很令我吃驚，當(dāng)我仔細(xì)查閱各項(xiàng)分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)作文的分十分低，以其他幾項(xiàng)對比，這個(gè)作文得分完全低于我應(yīng)有的水平。
之所以我對我的英語水平有如此自信，不單是因?yàn)槲以俑呖加⒄Z獲得130的高分并進(jìn)入英語B班，更是因?yàn)槲抑坝羞^充分的復(fù)習(xí)。而且，考完試后，我本以為我完全可以通過，我便開始了六級的單詞（和考研詞匯基本通用）復(fù)習(xí)。所以，我認(rèn)為我完全可以通過即將到來的這次四級考試，而且為了以防出現(xiàn)類似上次的意外情況，我又加深了復(fù)習(xí)程度，相信一定可以取得一個(gè)高分。
最后，我衷心地向?qū)W校申請四級考試補(bǔ)報(bào)，希望學(xué)校予以批準(zhǔn)。我再次為我給學(xué)校工作帶來的不便表示萬分的歉意。
一、大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試的特點(diǎn)
大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試主要分為二部分，第一部分是客觀題，由聽力、文字詞匯、語法、閱讀構(gòu)成，第二部分是主觀題，由完成句子、作文組成。目前在國內(nèi)實(shí)行的日語考試主要有大學(xué)日語考試、國際日本語能力考試、商務(wù)日語考試這幾項(xiàng)考試，作為專門為大學(xué)在校日語專業(yè)學(xué)生設(shè)置的大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試，不僅具有了同其他日語考試一樣的對聽力、文字詞匯、語法、閱讀能力的考核，而且也具有了其他考試所沒有特點(diǎn)。
（一）最早考核完形填空能力的考試
大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試在2005年改革后，出現(xiàn)了完形填空的題型，國際日本語能力考試在2010年改革后也采用了這一題型。這一考試內(nèi)容側(cè)重考核學(xué)生對接續(xù)詞和副詞的考核，共十道題，從針對性和題量以及難度來說，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于國際日本語能力考試的二級水平。
（二）唯一考核學(xué)生完成句子能力的考試
大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試在2005年的改革后，出現(xiàn)了完成句子的題型，這一題型是其他任何考試都沒有的。這一題型每一道題都是不完整的句子，要求學(xué)生完成另外半部分，要求語法正確，表達(dá)完整，句義貼切。這一題型雖然不僅僅是考核學(xué)生對句型的掌握，更上升到對學(xué)生篇章句法能力的考核。
（三）唯一考核學(xué)生作文能力的考核
大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試在2002年開始時(shí)，就有作文這一題型，同樣這一題型是其他任何考試都沒有的。寫作能力歷來都是學(xué)生的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，要求學(xué)生能夠區(qū)分敬簡體，條理清晰，內(nèi)容明確語言流暢，表達(dá)沒有語法錯(cuò)誤，句型使用豐富，多用漢字，格式正確，標(biāo)點(diǎn)無誤。這一題型是單獨(dú)考核學(xué)生的寫作能力，也是唯一一個(gè)可以衡量日語專業(yè)低年級學(xué)生寫作能力的考試，也是學(xué)生在考試中失分最多的題型。
二、黃岡師范學(xué)院大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試現(xiàn)狀
黃岡師范學(xué)院自2009年已經(jīng)舉行了八次大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試。這一考試的參加人數(shù)和通過率不僅無法同大學(xué)英語專業(yè)四級相比，同國際日本語能力二級考試也是無法相比的。
（一）參加人數(shù)少
如表1顯示，在2009年的報(bào)名人數(shù)只有33人，因?yàn)檫@是第一年舉行這個(gè)比賽，報(bào)名人數(shù)少是情有可原的，但歷經(jīng)了四年之后，即2012年，也就是可報(bào)考人數(shù)比2009年還多45人的情況下，并且教師也有了成熟的指導(dǎo)考試復(fù)習(xí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)后，參加人數(shù)卻只有23人，這說明這一考試在當(dāng)時(shí)并沒有得到達(dá)多數(shù)學(xué)生的認(rèn)可。
2013年后，在外國語學(xué)院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和日語教師的努力下，報(bào)名人數(shù)雖有增加，如圖1所示，2015年和2016年報(bào)名率都超過了歷年，但這與學(xué)生百分之百的國際日語能力二級考試的報(bào)名率相比，是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及的。
（二）合格率低
如圖2所示，雖然2009年是第一次舉辦考試，但是合格率卻是僅僅次于2014年的最高值，但縱觀全圖，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)合格率極度不穩(wěn)定，這與學(xué)生的報(bào)名和復(fù)習(xí)有密切關(guān)系。不要說與其他學(xué)院接近百分之百的過級率相比，就是和本校90%左右的國際日本語能力考試二級的合格率相比，也是自愧不如的。
三、大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試對日語教學(xué)的啟示
大學(xué)日語四級考試在聽力、詞匯、語法部分的考核與其他日語類別的考試是基本相同的，但是因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)了完型填空、完成句子、作文等內(nèi)容，所以必須要加強(qiáng)閱讀語義篇章的訓(xùn)練和寫作能力的訓(xùn)練。
（一）加強(qiáng)理解語句篇章的訓(xùn)練
閱讀是語言學(xué)習(xí)的核心內(nèi)容，通過閱讀不僅要掌握作者的主旨，更要理解作者創(chuàng)作時(shí)的語言文化背景。閱讀不僅僅是宏觀通篇的理解，更要落實(shí)到一詞一句一段的微觀內(nèi)容的把握。完型填空考核了語句段落篇章總體的理解。因此，無論是精讀課程還是閱讀課程的教師，都應(yīng)該立足教材，不放過一個(gè)詞，不漏過一句話，從點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴做起，將閱讀理解能力的訓(xùn)練融入課堂教學(xué)的所有環(huán)節(jié)。
（二）加強(qiáng)寫作能力的訓(xùn)練
這項(xiàng)考試內(nèi)容要求學(xué)生文體使用正確，格式規(guī)范，內(nèi)容清晰流暢，主旨明確，沒有語法錯(cuò)誤。學(xué)生普遍懼怕這項(xiàng)考試內(nèi)容，不僅標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用不規(guī)范且邏輯混亂內(nèi)容不充實(shí)。這一能力的訓(xùn)練不是一蹴而就的，是需要大學(xué)四年不斷地訓(xùn)練，甚至畢業(yè)論文都是對寫作能力的訓(xùn)練。在大一的學(xué)習(xí)中，先是完成單句的訓(xùn)練，慢慢地到日記訓(xùn)練，然后再到一般的敘述文的訓(xùn)練，再到議論文的訓(xùn)練，這些訓(xùn)練不僅要求教師要改正學(xué)生的語法格式表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤，更要求教師啟發(fā)學(xué)生合理構(gòu)思，做到內(nèi)容完整，引人入勝。
大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試已經(jīng)得到了眾多高校的認(rèn)可，很多高校都將此項(xiàng)考試的復(fù)習(xí)工作納入教學(xué)計(jì)劃。大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試是所有日語類考試中最早有完型填空題型的考試，更是唯一具有完成句子和寫作內(nèi)容的考試。黃岡師范學(xué)院的大學(xué)日語專業(yè)四級考試已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)步，作為基層日語教師，應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)理解語句篇章和寫作能力的訓(xùn)練。
